South Sudan is the newest widely recognized country in the world, and is also one of the world’s poorest countries, with over 80% of the population living on under $1 a day. According to the UNDP, 43% of the total population is severely food insecure, however the issues with food security in South Sudan are getting worse. Five years of civil war in the area has left more than half of the country completely reliant on humanitarian aid. According to the World Food Program, at the beginning of 2018 the levels of hunger and malnutrition reported were at a historic high. Although organizations like the World Food Program are working to combat the starvation, there are many challenges to face. Lack of infrastructure and political conflict in the country make it difficult and dangerous to reach communities with life-saving food. Additionally, the approaching rainy season will create more challenges for reaching the starving people in South Sudan with food aid. For these reasons, it is more important than ever to understand the issues with food security in the country.

Given GeoPoll’s experience with conducting food security and agriculture related surveys, in early June 2018 we ran a remote mobile survey to gather information that could help assess food security concerns across South Sudan. Due to high levels of illiteracy in the country, this survey was conducted using Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI), in which live interviewers call mobile phones from a call center. In only three days, GeoPoll was able to collect 100 survey responses which shed light on the current food security situation in the country. While this study was exploratory in nature, the results show a high level of food insecurity and demonstrate the need to conduct further research in the area.

Survey Methodology

GeoPoll utilized CATI surveys to gather on-the-ground data on food insecurity in South Sudan. The survey ran for three days— May 31^st, June 4^th, and June 5^th—of 2018. GeoPoll was able to reach respondents in all of the 10 states of South Sudan. The questionnaire asked respondents to provide information about three different time frames—the past 7 days, the past 30 days, and the past 6 months—as well as general questions about demographics and food security in the respondent’s communities.

Results

The survey data collected indicates high food insecurity in South Sudan. Respondents largely indicated that there are limited food supplies and high food prices. The majority of food markets around the country are operational yet are struggling to provide enough provisions to feed their communities. Results suggest that increased demand for the available fare is driving prices up beyond what is affordable for the majority of the respondents: 96% of the people surveyed reported that in the past six months they have not had enough money to purchase food and other basic needs, and just under half of the respondents reported that more than 80% of their communities are lacking enough food to eat because of widespread loss of food stocks, lack of income, or lack of job opportunities.

Results highlights

Question: How many households in your community are lacking food due to widespread loss of food stocks, lack of income, or lack of livelihood opportunities? Would you say…1) more than 80 percent, 2) between 50 and 80 percent, 3) between 50 and 20 percent, 4) less than 20 percent.

Results:

Respondents overwhelmingly reported that people in their communities have insufficient quantities of food due to widespread loss of crops, low income, or low job opportunity. 47% of respondents replied that more than 80% of their communities are suffering. Only 4% of respondents could say that less than 20% of their community was struggling. The results from this study indicate that the majority citizens of South Sudan are currently struggling with hunger.

Question: In the past 30 days, how many days did your household reduce the number of meals eaten in a day due to lack of food/money? (Reply number of days from 0-30).

Results:

The majority of the individuals surveyed responded that every day within the past 30 days their household skipped meals due to lack of food sources and money. 11% of respondents reduced the number of meals exactly half of the time period. However, 13% of respondents did not report any reduction of daily meals and 12% of respondents only had to reduce daily meals once within the past thirty days.

The polarized results from this survey question could be due to a small sample size. Further research could allow for more comprehensive understanding of this topic.

Question: What is the food status like in your community? (open ended response).

Results:

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33% of responses indicate that food is currently very expensive in their community. Only 1% of the people surveyed suggest that the status of food in their community is healthy—and those respondents only see the status of food in their community as okay because they are receiving food from aid organizations.

Conclusions 

GeoPoll’s area experts are confident that food insecurity in South Sudan is likely due to on-going conflict and political instability in the country. Respondents to GeoPoll’s recent survey reaffirm that the level of food insecurity in South Sudan is widespread and significantly impacting the lives of the majority of citizens in the area. The results from this recent exploratory survey establish need for future research on food security in the region, and demonstrates that CATI is a worthwhile method for collecting such data remotely.

Due to the conflict and violence that is plaguing South Sudan, remote data collection was essential for this project. Face to face data collection would have been almost impossible. Mobile data collection through CATI was essential because it allowed for information on the country without the need to send on-the-ground researchers into remote and conflict-ridden areas of South Sudan. Fortunately, GeoPoll has vast experience in conducting food security and agriculture-related research across sub-Saharan Africa. To learn more about our experience in food security, please contact us.

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Top TV Stations

In Q1, from January – March of 2016, KGMM data finds that the Brazilian-owned TV station Miramar leads in ratings, with an average rating of 8.7 over the quarter. This is followed by Stv with an average rating of 6.5, and stations TVM1 and TVM2 with ratings of 4.0 and 1.9 respectively. Other channels that have a national ranking are CTV, Gungu, TIM, Top TV, and RTP Internacional. The full list of top TV stations and average ratings is below:

The top two stations, Miramar and Stv, combined represent over 50% of the audience share, with Miarmar seeing an average share of 33% of those viewing TV, and Stv having an average audience share of 24%. The third leading station, TVM1, has an average of 15% audience share.

Top Radio Stations

As with other countries, due to the large number of radio stations present in Mozambique it is difficult to determine the top stations nation-wide. When we look at audience share, we see that 47% of those listening to the radio at a given time are tuned in to a station that does not get over 3% of the national audience. Of those that do rank nationally, again Miramar radio leads with an average of 11% of audience share, followed by RM Antena Nacional with 9% of share, 99FM with 6% of share, and Indico with 5% of audience share.  Below is a chart of the top radio stations by share in Mozambique:

To get a complete breakdown of Mozambique media data, including ratings by region, day-by-day data in 30 minute time blocks for TV and 2 hours for radio, and filtering by demographics and psychographics, please click below to subscribe or see a demo of Kantar GeoPoll Media Measurement.

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Top TV Stations

In Q1 the top TV stations by audience ratings in Ghana were UTV, TV3, and Adom TV. While the top stations remained the same from Q4 2015, we did see some differences in ratings for each station. UTV went down from an average rating of 4.0 to 3.8, TV3 went down from an average rating of 3.8 to 3.5, while Adom TV picked up ratings, increasing from 2.1 from October – December 2015, to 2.9 from January – March 2016. Joy Prime, the number 4 station, increased their ratings from 2.1 to 2.2 in Q1. GTV, Gh One, Joy News, Viasat One, and Metro TV all remained in the same positions from Q4 to Q1, with ratings staying consistent. The full ratings chart can be seen below:

Top Radio Stations

Ghana has a highly fragmented radio audience due to the large number of local radio stations that are available in various areas of the country. Therefore, when we take a national view at the radio stations with the most audience share we see that, on average, over 60% of those listening to the radio at a given time are listening to a station which does not have more than 2% in national share. The top stations which do rank nationally only have a share of 4% or less. Average national share for Q1 2016 can be seen below:

To get a complete breakdown of Ghana media data, including ratings by region, day-by-day data in 30 minute time blocks for TV and 2 hours for radio, and filtering by demographics and psychographics, please click below to subscribe or see a demo of Kantar GeoPoll Media Measurement.

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Top TV Stations

In Q1 2016 the top rated stations in Tanzania remained consistent from Q4: ITV, Clouds, and East Africa TV had the highest ratings.  ITV solidified its reach nationally by growing its audience from an average rating of 2.9 in Q4 to 3.5 in Q1, while Clouds and East Africa TV both went down in ratings points, from 3.1 to 3 and 2.6 to 2.3 respectively. Star TV pulled slightly ahead of Channel 10’s ratings in Q1 2016. Despite the growth in ratings points, ITV went slightly down in terms of audience share, the percentage of those watching TV who are tuned into a specific channel. Average ratings from Q1 2016 can be seen below:

Top Radio Stations

Clouds remained the dominant radio station in Tanzania with an average rating of 10.7, compared to 9.8 in Q4 2015. TBC Taifa, the second highest-rated station, decreased in ratings from 4.7 in Q4 to 4.5 in Q1, but maintained their second position. Radio Free Africa and Radio One had the same average rating in Q1, 3.8, while TBC FM’s ratings stayed consistent with Q4 2015. Once again Clouds, TBC Taifa, and Radio Free Africa were the top stations in terms of audience share, and 13% of audience share for radio went to “other” more regional stations.  Full national radio ratings are in the chart below:

Want even more insights and granular data that can be filtered by demographics and location? Subscribe to daily, weekly, or monthly radio data from KGMM:

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Top TV Stations

NTV was the top TV station in Uganda in Q1 2016, with an average rating of 5.6. This is slightly lower than their average rating of 6.0 in Q4 2015. Bukedde remained the number 2 station, and improved upon their rating from Q4 2015 by 0.1. NBS stayed in the top 3 but also went down in ratings, from 2.3 in Q4 2015 to 1.9 in Q1 2016. UBC, Urban, Bukkede1, and WBS are also top stations nationally.  You can see the full comparison of ratings from Q4 2015 and Q1 2016 in the chart below:

Top Radio Stations

KGMM also measures radio listenership in Uganda. As in other countries, radio listenership in Uganda is fragmented nationally due to the prevalence of local radio station.   Nationally, In Q1 2016 we found that Capital FM and CBS Radio are the top stations, followed by Radio Simba, Galaxy FM, and NBS FM. Ratings did not change much from Q4 2015 to Q1 2016, demonstrating the predictable nature of radio listenership. See the list of top national radio stations below:

Due to the local nature of radio stations, in Q1 2016 even the leading station, Capital FM, only had on average 10% of the audience share, with 51% of radio audiences listening to “other” local stations.  For a more detailed view of listenership that includes data on local radio listenership, contact us to learn more about Kantar GeoPoll Media Measurement.

Want even more insights and granular data that can be filtered by demographics and location? Subscribe to daily, weekly, or monthly radio data from KGMM:

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Top TV Stations and Audience Trends
From January 1st to March 31st 2016 NTA was the top station in terms of ratings with an average rating of 4.8, and AIT was the second most watched station with a rating of 4.4.  While NTA and AIT retained their top positions from Q4, 2015, their average ratings did go down, compared to lower stations including Galaxy, Silverbird TV, OnTV, and Africa Magic, which saw an increase in ratings, as demonstrated below:

NTA and AIT have the highest ratings throughout the day, but with NTA’s peak viewing time coming in the evening from 21:00 to 22:00 each day. NTA’s highest rated time slot is on Thursday evenings from 21:30 to 22:00. AIT also has its highest ratings on Thursday evenings, indicating this is a popular weeknight to consume television.

Amongst male audiences, we find that AIT and NTA lose share to Channels TV, Silverbird, CNN and OnTV.  Despite generally low ratings for BBC and CNN, male audiences have high affinity for these two stations.  Affinity is a measure of loyalty, and higher affinity scores demonstrate that a particular audience is watching or listening to that station frequently.  Female viewers spend less time on AIT, Channels TV, and NTA, and more time watching Galaxy, Silverbird, OnTV and Africa Magic.  Female audiences have high affinity to Zee Cinema and Africa Magic Yoruba.

Top Radio Stations and Listening Trends
Due to the proliferation of local radio stations throughout Nigeria, national radio listenership is highly fragmented, with 52% of the audience share going to stations which do not get more than 2% national share. As seen in Q4 2015, nationally Wazobia FM, Ray Power FM, and Cool FM are the top stations, with 13%, 9%, and 5% average audience share.

Radio listenership is high throughout the day, with many stations seeing a decline in listenership on Sunday evenings, followed by relatively high listenership on Mondays. Wazobia FM shows higher audience share than other stations on Fridays, with a spike in audience share on Friday evenings from 20:00 to 22:00.

Examining the demographics of audiences for radio stations, we find that Splash FM and Cool FM appeal to younger listeners, whereas Wazobia, Ray Power, Nigeria Info and Rhythm FM appeal more to older listeners.  Overall Wazobia and Ray Power have higher share with females than males. Male listeners have the highest affinity for BCA FM, Nigeria Info, Brilla FM and Bond FM, and females have high affinity for Ajilete FM.

Request a copy of KGMM’s full Q1 report for Nigeria or subscribe to daily, weekly, or monthly data from KGMM:

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We find that throughout the week, Citizen remains on top in all time blocks, with KTN second. The only time that NTV surpasses KTN in terms of viewers is from 19:30 to 21:00 on Sundays, which is when the popular Churchill Show airs. We have observed this trend in the past, and the Churchill show continues to bring in NTV’s highest ratings of the week.

We also examined viewing trends by gender, finding that K24 and Kiss TV have the highest affinity amongst male viewers in Q1, while KBC, Family, GBS, and Inooro TV have the highest affinity among female viewers. Citizen continues to be popular amongst both males and females, with females having a slightly higher affinity for Citizen than males. In Q1, Citizen had 49% of the audience share among female viewers, and 38% of the share amongst male viewers.

Radio Trends, Q1 2016

National listenership share for radio is more spread out than for TV: while Citizen radio had a 21% share in Q1 2016, other stations including Radio Maisha (13%), Jambo (12%) and Classic (8%) draw significant audiences. Due to the large number of smaller and sometimes local radio stations, 21% of the average audience share is listening to an “Other” station, one that does not have a high enough listenership to rank nationally.  Below is a chart of radio share for Q1 2016 vs Q4 2015.

When comparing radio ratings and share by demographics, we find that male listers have a preference for Citizen, Jambo, and Maisha. Females have higher listenership than males for Classic and Kameme. Overall, Kiswahili stations maintain a consistent lead over English-language stations in Q1.

We also examined listenership by location. In Central, Citizen leads in listenership, followed by Inooro and Kameme. Classic FM is ranked third in Coast, behind Citizen and Radio Maisha, and Ramogi FM leads in Lake Topography. Star FM leads in North Eastern, followed by KBC English Service.  In Upper Eastern, Muuga FM leads over Citizen. These data demonstrate the regional differences in radio listenership and listenership trends across the country.

More TV and Radio Data

Kantar-Geopoll Media Measurement produces daily data on TV and Radio in Kenya, Ghana, Nigeria, Mozambique, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Data can be segmented by age, gender, and location to ensure media buyers and broadcasters are using the most up-to-date information available to make quick, informed decisions. To find out more and get pricing, contact us below.

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Nigeria

In Nigeria GeoPoll measures TV consumption in 8 states: Abia, Edo, Enugu, Federal Capital Territory, Kaduna, Lagos, Oyo, and Rivers. The below chart shows the average ratings for the top 10 channels in these states during the day from 6:00 to 22:00.

Nigeria boasts numerous TV stations that are organized by state and ultimately the high rating for “other” in the above chart points to fragmented viewership across the country. AIT and NTA have high ratings throughout the day, and AIT has higher ratings than NTA during most time blocks except 20:00 – 22:00 when NTA takes over. Channels TV and TVC compete for the 3^rd throughout most of the day but Silverbird TV takes the 3^rd position during prime time, between 18:00 – 20:00.  

GeoPoll also examined average audience share over the entire period from October 1^st – December 31st. We find that AIT Lagos and NTA closely compete for share, at an average of 25.6% and 23.4% respectively. Full results are below:

Ghana

Kantar-GeoPoll Media Measurement covers the entire country of Ghana, and measures ratings, audience size, and audience share of TV, radio, and print outlets. The below chart shows the average ratings in Q4 2015 for the top TV stations during the peak hours.

The above chart shows that TV3 leads in the ratings from 19:00 to 19:30 when it airs its news show “News 360”. UTV has the highest overall ratings throughout prime time, with a strong jump in ratings from 8pm with an average rating of 5.54 at 8:00pm, 5.70 at 8:30 pm, 4.59 at 9:00pm and 4.38 at 9:30pm.  Joy Prime TV has the third-highest ratings for most of the evening, except at 19:00 when GTV has higher ratings.

GeoPoll also examined average share from October to December 2015. GeoPoll found that UTV had the highest share in Q4, capturing on average 21.7% of the audience. TV3 and Joy Prime rank second and third with 20.5% and 11.3% respectively.  Below are the full rankings:

To use KGMM data to analyze station performance, target audiences, and plan ad spend, contact us about subscribing to our daily data set.  KGMM overnight ratings data is available 24/7 via an interactive dashboard that includes media planning and post-campaign evaluation tools.

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*Rating is the proportion watching a station out of the total sample at that time, multiplied by 100. If 50 people out of 500 surveyed watched Station X, the rating for Station X would be (50/500)*100) = 10. In Uganda, GeoPoll’s Media Measurement Panel includes a sample of over 500 respondents for every time period.

**Share is the proportion watching Station X, out of all those watching at that time. This is equal to the proportion watching a station during a given time divided by the total number watching at that time.

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Kenya
The below chart shows the average ratings from October 1^st – December 31^st 2015 for the top stations during prime time from 19:00 to 22:00.

Citizen maintains the highest ratings throughout prime time followed by KTN then NTV. NTV ratings are highest at 19:00 and 21:00, when the Swahili and English news shows are aired respectively. KTN has its highest average rating at 21:00 each evening.

The highest overall ratings recorded are at 19:00, 20:30 and 21:00 on Citizen Television. These times correspond with Citizen News’ airing of Swahili news at 19:00 and English news airing at 21:00 on Citizen.

GeoPoll also examined average share over the entire quarter. As found in Q3 and previously, Citizen had the highest share in Q4 with an average share of 44.2%. KTN and NTV rank second and third respectively. Full results are below:

Tanzania
The below chart shows the average ratings from October 1^st – December 31^st 2015 for the top stations during prime time from 19:00 to 22:00.

As demonstrated in the chart, on average ITV records the highest ratings on prime time followed by Clouds TV. This is consistent from 19:00 to 22:00. ITV sees its largest viewership spike at 20:00 to 21:00, with ratings above 6.0. Clouds TV has its highest average ratings at 19:30 and 21:00 – 22:00, when it records ratings around 3.0.

EATV comes in third in the ratings consistently throughout prime time, except for at 21:00 when Star TV eclipses EATV’s ratings with an average rating of 2.8.

ITV was also the leader by audience share from October – December 2015, with an average share of 23.4%. This is an increase of 3.5% from Q3.  Clouds has the second highest audience share at 19.9%, while EATV, TV1, and Star all have audience shares between 10 – 15%.  The full results are below:

To use KGMM data to analyze station performance, target audiences, and plan ad spend, contact us about subscribing to our daily data set.  KGMM overnight ratings data is available 24/7 via an interactive dashboard that includes media planning and post-campaign evaluation tools.

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*Rating is the proportion watching a station out of the total sample at that time, multiplied by 100. If 50 people out of 500 surveyed watched Station X, the rating for Station X would be (50/500)*100) = 10. In Uganda, GeoPoll’s Media Measurement Panel includes a sample of over 500 respondents for every time period.

**Share is the proportion watching Station X, out of all those watching at that time. This is equal to the proportion watching a station during a given time divided by the total number watching at that time.

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Uganda
The below chart shows the average ratings for the top 10 stations in Uganda during prime time, from 19:00 to 22:00.

As displayed in the above chart, NTV gets the highest ratings during prime time followed by Bukedde TV. Bukedde’s ratings ratings steadily rise from 19:00 to 21:30 where it has the highest ratings.

NBS maintains third place from 19:00 to 21:30 followed by UBC. Urban TV and Bukedde 2 interchange the 4^th and 5^th place between 19:00 and 21:30 while WBS maintains 5^th place.

By audience share, the top station in Uganda from October 1st – December 31st was NTV, with an average share of 32.4%. Bukedde and NBS rank second and third with 22.7% and 10.7% audience share. Full results are below:

Compared to Q3, NTV’s share increased by 1.3% and Bukkede increased by 0.23%. NBS was in third place in both Q3 and Q4, and increased share by 0.5% from Q3. UBC maintained forth place but lost 0.9% share.

Rwanda
The below chart shows the average ratings for the top 10 stations in Rwanda during the day from 06:00 to 22:00.

GeoPoll found that Rwanda TV has the highest ratings throughout the day with the peak being from 14:00 – 16:00. This is followed by TV1. TV10 has higher ratings than Lemigo TV throughout the day. TV5, Family TV, BBC, Supersport, France24 and other stations have low ratings throughout the day. 

Here are the top stations by average audience share in Rwanda for Q4 2015:

Compared to Q3 share, Rwanda TV lost 3.0% of its audience share but continued to be the dominant station. TV1 and TV10 both grew their audience shares by 2.7% and 2.9% respectively, while Canal+ and TV5 switched positions from Q3, with Canal+ dropping to 6th position and losing 2.2% of its audience share. 

For more detailed TV ratings from Uganda, Rwanda, as well Kenya, Ghana, Nigeria, Tanzania, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Mozambique contact us to learn more about Kantar-GeoPoll Media Measurement, the leading audience measurement service for TV, radio, and print in Africa.

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*Rating is the proportion watching a station out of the total sample at that time, multiplied by 100. If 50 people out of 500 surveyed watched Station X, the rating for Station X would be (50/500)*100) = 10. In Uganda, GeoPoll’s Media Measurement Panel includes a sample of over 500 respondents for every time period.

**Share is the proportion watching Station X, out of all those watching at that time. This is equal to the proportion watching a station during a given time divided by the total number watching at that time.

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