covid-19 vaccine Archives - GeoPoll https://www.geopoll.com/blog/tag/covid-19-vaccine/ High quality research from emerging markets Thu, 16 Dec 2021 16:22:29 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.5.2 GeoPoll Report: Follow-up Pakistan Study on Afghanistan, Immigration, and COVID-19 https://www.geopoll.com/blog/pakistan-report-2021/ Thu, 16 Dec 2021 04:07:23 +0000 https://www.geopoll.com/?p=18835 Pakistan’s geopolitical importance cannot be overstated. Due to its population and location, the country plays a pivotal role in the stability of […]

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Pakistan’s geopolitical importance cannot be overstated. Due to its population and location, the country plays a pivotal role in the stability of much of South and Central Asia.

Recently, the rapid withdrawal of US troops, change in government, and escalating humanitarian crisis in neighboring Afghanistan impacted not only Pakistan but the entire region. To assess the impact of the tumultuous past few months on Pakistanis, GeoPoll conducted a survey in October 2021, following up on our study from January 2021.

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The survey gathers on the ground feedback from Pakistanis on a number of regionally important topics, including:

  • Foreign influences on the economy, military, politics, and culture of Pakistan
  • Perceptions on the withdrawal of US troops from Afghanistan
  • Thoughts on immigration, security, and international aid
  • The ongoing impacts of COVID-19
  • Personal finances and the country’s economy

Findings from the survey show continued Pakistani support for the withdrawal of US troops from Afghanistan. Most do not support Pakistan allowing more Afghan refugees, however, worrying about their impact on the economy and security. COVID-19 continues to present economic challenges as well, with most reporting a decrease in income compared to before the pandemic. Despite these hardships, several positive trends surfaced, including an increase in likeliness to take the vaccine as soon as possible and an optimistic outlook for Pakistan’s future.

Click below to download GeoPoll’s full written report, or scroll down to view the survey data in the interactive data dashboard.

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Interactive Data Dashboard

Dive deeper into GeoPoll’s on-the-ground data from Pakistan using the dashboard below. Here, you can view all pieces of data from this study, filterable by Province, age group, gender, and question.

Conduct Research in Pakistan

This study provides on the ground data and insights on pressing topics of interest in Pakistan. GeoPoll can conduct research in Pakistan via 2-way SMS surveys, Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) voice calls, mobile web links, and in-person research methods. To learn more about GeoPoll’s capabilities in Pakistan and around the world, please contact us.

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GeoPoll Report: The Ongoing Impacts of COVID-19 Across Africa, Latin America and Asia https://www.geopoll.com/blog/covid-19-tracker-africa-latin-america-asia-august-2021/ Wed, 01 Sep 2021 18:39:39 +0000 https://www.geopoll.com/?p=18598 COVID-19 continues to exert immense pressure on the world’s emerging markets, creating economic concerns that rival the health concerns. With a third […]

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COVID-19 continues to exert immense pressure on the world’s emerging markets, creating economic concerns that rival the health concerns. With a third or fourth wave of the virus gripping many countries, it is becoming increasingly difficult for governments to get a handle on either of those challenges.

As a followup to GeoPoll’s 2020 reports and April 2021 report on the impacts of COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa, GeoPoll conducted a survey in nine countries across Africa, Latin America, and Asia to assess the ongoing effects of the pandemic on respondents’ finances, spending and health, their thoughts and concerns about the vaccine, and their hopes for the future.

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The main topics covered include:

  • Changes to consumer income and financial outlook
  • Changes in consumer spending habits
  • Perceptions about government response to the pandemic
  • Concerns about and willingness to take the vaccine
  • Adherence to public health measures and changes in emotional health

Findings from this study illustrate a world continuing to suffer the economic and societal impacts of COVID-19. Incomes continue to fall, particularly in emerging economies such as Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania, and Brazil, while prices for food and other necessities increase. Many express concern both with paying their expenses and with the pandemic overall. Despite these hardships, several positive trends surfaced, including the likeliness to take the vaccine when it is available, emotional health improvements, and optimism for the future.

Click below to download GeoPoll’s full written report, or scroll down to view the survey data in the interactive dashboard.

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Interactive Data Dashboard

Dive deeper into GeoPoll’s data on the ongoing economic and societal impacts of COVID-19 in Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, Ghana, Tanzania, Egypt, Brazil, Colombia, and China using the interactive dashboard below. You can view all pieces of data from this study, filterable by country, age group, gender, and question.

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GeoPoll 2021 Tokyo Olympics Survey: Consumer Interest, Viewing Intent and Betting Behaviors https://www.geopoll.com/blog/olympics-tokyo-2021/ Thu, 22 Jul 2021 23:50:32 +0000 https://www.geopoll.com/?p=18475 The Olympics are back! After being postponed in 2020 due to the coronavirus pandemic, the games are set to begin on July […]

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The Olympics are back! After being postponed in 2020 due to the coronavirus pandemic, the games are set to begin on July 23, 2021, in Tokyo, Japan. Although surging COVID-19 rates in Tokyo have forced a ban on in-person fans at events, as many as 4 billion people are expected to experience the Olympics in some form, including watching events live on TV, streaming clips on social media, and being bombarded with ads and logos from sponsors.

In the week prior to the start of the games, GeoPoll conducted a survey to gather information on planned viewing habits, betting activities, and brand/ad awareness surrounding the event. The study was conducted using GeoPoll’s mobile web platform, surveying more than 3,600 respondents in Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, Ghana, Tanzania, Egypt, Brazil, Colombia and China. The topics covered include:

  • Interest in sports and the Olympics
  • Intent to watch or follow the games
  • How people plan to watch/follow the games
  • Most anticipated events and athletes
  • Advertisements and brands associated with the games
  • Opinions about the decision to move forward with the games despite ongoing concerns related to COVID-19
  • Involvement in sports betting and plans to bet on the Olympics

This post details the initial insights from our survey. View and sort the data across demographics using the interactive dashboard below.

Olympics Viewing Interest and Intent

Respondents report strong overall interest in both sports in general and the Olympics. More than 1 out of 4 (29%) rate their interest in the Olympics a 10 (“very high”) on a 10-point scale. More than half (58%) rate their interest an 8 or higher. Respondents in Brazil and China express the most interest, with 76% and 72% respectively rating it an 8 or higher. In Ghana, only 40% rate their interest that high. Men express more high-level interest (62%) than women (57%), and older respondents (ages 36+) express far more interest than respondents ages 16-25 (66% to 56%).

Olympics Interest and Medal Count

Interest in the Tokyo Olympics shows at least some relation to success in previous Olympics. The chart above shows the percentage of respondents in each country that rated their interest in the Tokyo games an 8 or higher on a 10-point scale in relation to the overall number of medals won by each country in the 2016 games in Rio de Janeiro.

When asked to compare their interest in the Tokyo Olympics to the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympics, most (53%) say they are at least somewhat more interested in the Tokyo games. Another 24% say they are equally interested.

Intent to watch Olympics

The substantial levels of interest overall explain why 46% of respondents plan to watch or follow “a lot” of the games. That number drops down to 37% for younger male and female respondents (ages 16-25). Only 5% across demographics do not plan to watch the games “at all.”

Device to watch Olympics

In most countries, the highest percentage of respondents by far plan to watch or follow the games via television. China and Egypt emerge as the outliers. In China, more respondents plan to follow the games using their mobile phones (87%) than television (80%). Most in China plan to follow the games using 3 or more different devices. Across countries, respondents ages 16-25 are more likely to use their phones than the older age groups, and men are more likely than women (61% to 53%).

Platforms to follow Olympics

Out of all the respondents that plan to watch/follow the games to some extent, 56% plan to do it through social media. More respondents plan to watch the games via “Pay TV” (51%) than “Free to Air TV” (50%), and most (56%) claim to know which TV stations/channels will be showing the games. Respondents in China are the most informed, with 87% claiming to know. In addition to social media and TV, many also plan to follow the games using “websites” (40%) and “streaming platforms” (38%). Intended platform usage varies significantly across countries and age groups (see the dashboard below).

Variances between countries are even more pronounced when it comes to favorite events. Football/soccer stands out as the event respondents are most interested in watching in Brazil, Colombia, Egypt, Ghana, Nigeria, South Africa, and Tanzania. More than half the respondents in Egypt (54%) pick football as their favorite event.

Kenya’s dominant runners help make “athletics/track and field” the most anticipated event in that country (38%). Athletics is also highly anticipated in Ghana (19%) and South Africa (17%).

China has dominated table tennis more than any other country in any other Olympic sport. More than 50% of respondents in China pick table tennis as one of the five events they are most interested in watching, and 18% select it as their favorite event overall (much more than any other event in that country).

Favorite Olympics events

Across demographics, the five events respondents express the most interest in watching include:

When forced to pick one event, nothing comes close to football at 33%.

COVID-19 Concerns and Perceptions

The coronavirus pandemic has cast a dark cloud over the Tokyo Olympics for the past year, leading to eventual postponement in 2020. With COVID-19 cases again on the rise, many Japanese citizens, media outlets, and members of the medical community are calling for the games to be cancelled. Respondents in our study, however, overwhelmingly believe the games should be held in July as scheduled (67%). Men are more likely to believe the games should go on as planned than women (71% to 62%). Only 5% of respondents believe the 2021 Tokyo Olympics should be canceled. Respondents in China, the closest country in proximity to Japan, and South Africa, which is currently dealing with a devastating third wave of the virus, are the most likely to believe the games should be postponed again to a later date (26% and 28% respectively).

Postponing the Olympics

Despite Japan setting strict rules for athletes and spectators to prevent the spread of the virus, several cases have been reported in the week before the games, including three members of the South African football squad. It is unclear whether any athletes that tested positive had been vaccinated. In our study, 58% of respondents strongly support requiring all athletes to be vaccinated in order to compete. Attitudes vary significantly by country, however. In Kenya, 70% strongly support mandatory vaccination compared to 32% in Tanzania. Tanzania has the highest percentage that strongly opposes mandatory vaccination at 17%, likely due to the late President Magafuli’s anti-vaccine stance. Older respondents (ages 36 and over) are more likely to strongly support vaccination than respondents ages 16-25 (64% compared to 52%).

Support vaccinating Olympics athletes

Vaccine availability and distribution remain serious issues across the globe, particularly in developing nations, including several surveyed in this study. Despite delayed vaccine rollouts in their country, most respondents in Kenya (72%), Ghana (68%), Colombia (63%), South Africa (58%), Nigeria (56%), and Brazil (55%) strongly support giving Olympic athletes priority access to the vaccine. Older respondents are more likely to strongly support prioritizing athletes than younger respondents (65% to 48%). Tanzania once again has the lowest percentage that strongly support giving athletes priority access to the vaccine (33%) and highest percentage that strongly oppose it (16%).

Betting on the Olympic Games

The global sports betting industry reached a market size of 203 billion U.S. dollars in 2020. Many countries participate in legal sports betting, one of the more recent additions being the United States in 2019. The increased availability and penetration of mobile technology around the world has played a major role in the recent upsurge in sports betting and paints a bright outlook for its future. According to a report by Technavio, the global sports betting market is expected to grow by $144.44 billion between 2020-2025.

In our study, more than half of respondents (53%) say they have engaged in sports betting in the past. Men are much more likely to have engaged than women (60% to 45%). Most men (67%) and women (50%) ages 26-35 have engaged in betting.

In Kenya, like in many other African countries, gambling is classified and positioned as a legitimate recreational and leisure activity. More than 71% of respondents in Kenya report having engaged in sports betting in the past. At the lower end of the range, only 28% of respondents in Egypt have engaged in sports betting. Egypt and Brazil (43%) are the only countries in our survey below 50%.

The sheer volume of events and athletes included in the Olympics presents a variety of opportunities for sports betting. While 41% of respondents across demographics plan to place bets on an Olympic event, 23% say they are “not sure” – suggesting the number of actual bettors could rise. Almost half of respondents ages 26-35 plan to bet (46%) compared to just 38% of the other age groups.

Betting on the Olympics

Nigeria and South Africa form two of the largest sports betting markets in Africa. They also express the most interest in placing bets on the Olympics (48% and 46% respectively). At the other end of the scale, only 27% of respondents in Egypt and 28% of respondents in Brazil plan to place bets.

Interactive Data Dashboard

Dive deeper into GeoPoll’s data on the interests, planned viewing habits, and betting behaviors surrounding the 2021 Olympics using the dashboard below. You can view all the data from this study, filterable by country, age group, gender, and question.

Conduct Further Research with GeoPoll

GeoPoll is the pioneer in conducting remote research through mobile-based methodologies in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Our custom research capabilities allow agencies, brands, and international development organizations to conduct one-off or ongoing surveys on any topic, with results delivered in near real-time.

This GeoPoll survey was conducted using GeoPoll’s mobile web platform in the week prior to the start of the 2021 Tokyo Olympics in Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, Ghana, Tanzania, Egypt, Brazil, Colombia and China, surveying approximately 400 respondents from each country. It is not purely a scientific study as there were no strict measures to limit demographic quotas such as location, gender, and age groups. However, a good mix of young and old, urban and rural, and men and women with a natural distribution was achieved.

To request more information about this study or further studies on Olympics viewership and audience measurement, or to get a quote for an upcoming project of your own, please contact us.

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Report: COVID-19 Vaccine Perceptions and Hesitancy in Sub-Saharan Africa https://www.geopoll.com/blog/covid-vaccine-perceptions/ Fri, 28 May 2021 10:03:34 +0000 https://www.geopoll.com/?p=18294 One of the biggest challenges governments and health institutions face in slowing the spread of COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa is the prevalence […]

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One of the biggest challenges governments and health institutions face in slowing the spread of COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa is the prevalence of false information and myths about the vaccine. As more vaccine becomes available, concerns about vaccine hesitancy caused by misinformation and disinformation remain high.

As part of its study in April 2021 on the ongoing economic, social, and health impacts of the Coronavirus pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa, GeoPoll asked respondents in Côte D’Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, and South Africa about their likeliness to take the vaccine when it becomes available – and when they think that might be. We also asked if they have been provided enough trustworthy information about the vaccine and about any concerns they might have.

This article draws from that study, focusing on perceptions, expectations, and concerns about the COVID-19 vaccine. You can access the full interactive result dashboard and download the report for free here.

GeoPoll covid 19 report download

Trustworthy Vaccine Information

Covid informationAfter living with the pandemic for more than a year, many questions and uncertainties remain. In this study, less than half the respondents (48%) believe they have been provided enough trustworthy information about the COVID-19 vaccine. Persistent rumors around the vaccine have clearly degraded peoples’ confidence in the information available to them and demonstrate the importance of stakeholders battling misinformation around vaccines.

Likeliness to Get the Vaccine

Respondents’ likeliness to get the vaccine mirrors their trust in the information available about the vaccine. Only 48% of respondents across countries said they would probably or definitely get the vaccine right away if it was available for free. That is down from 62% in our previous study in November 2020, further illustrating the impact of continued negative information about the vaccine.

Likeliness to get the vaccine

Concerns About the Vaccine

Overall, the top reasons why respondents may not get the vaccine are uncertainty about its effectiveness and potential health risks. That does not hold true in each country, however, as shown in the chart below.

Covid Vaccine Concerns

Expectations About Vaccine Availability

Looking ahead, the opportunity to interrupt virus transmissions and initiate social and economic recovery in sub-Saharan Africa largely hinges on the availability and distribution of vaccines. All of the sub-Saharan African countries included in this study have initiated limited vaccination programs, mainly procured through the COVID-19 Vaccine Global Access (COVAX) Facility, but at this point there are simply not enough doses available to approach herd immunity.

The delayed rollout of the vaccine so far in Africa has pushed back when respondents from all six countries in this study expect the vaccine will be available to the public.

Vaccine Availability

In our study in November 2020, 31% believed a vaccine would be available in the first half of 2021. Only 10% believed it would be available in the second half of 2021 and 5% believed it wouldn’t be until 2022. In this study, the percentage that believe the vaccine will be available in the first half of 2021 dropped from 31% to 26%. The percentage that believes the vaccine will be available in the second half of 2021 jumped from 10% to 34%, and the percentage that predict it will not be available until 2022 or later jumped from 5% to 30%.

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Follow GeoPoll for Continued COVID-19 Research

Throughout 2021, GeoPoll will continue to monitor the long-term implications of COVID-19 and sentiments towards a vaccine in sub-Saharan Africa and around the globe. Sign up to be updated when GeoPoll releases new COVID-19 research, and please contact us if you require additional information regarding this study or would like to conduct your own research using GeoPoll’s mobile- based data collection capabilities and global reach.

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GeoPoll’s COVID-19 Tracker Report: The Ongoing Impacts of COVID-19 in 6 African Nations https://www.geopoll.com/blog/covid19-tracker-sub-saharan-africa-2021/ https://www.geopoll.com/blog/covid19-tracker-sub-saharan-africa-2021/#comments Wed, 12 May 2021 00:05:22 +0000 https://www.geopoll.com/?p=18108 As the COVID-19 pandemic drags on into its second year, it continues to inflict unprecedented personal, societal and economic disruption around the […]

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As the COVID-19 pandemic drags on into its second year, it continues to inflict unprecedented personal, societal and economic disruption around the world. Although the pandemic initially hit sub-Saharan Africa less severely than other areas, in the first few months of 2021, just as the spread of COVID-19 appeared to be slowing, a second wave of the virus fueled by more highly transmittable variants led to a resurgence of the pandemic. This resurgence has forced the implementation of renewed government restrictions and lockdowns in some nations, amplifying the risk of deep economic scarring for many years to come.

The economic slowdown caused by the pandemic has disproportionally impacted the most marginalized countries and individuals of the world. According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) the economic losses are expected to be much higher in emerging markets than in advanced economies. On an individual level, the virus has deepened inequality across sub-Saharan Africa with young and low-skilled workers, women and refugees bearing the brunt of the downturn.

Looking ahead, the opportunity to interrupt virus transmissions and initiate social and economic recovery in sub-Saharan Africa largely hinges on the availability and distribution of vaccines. The pandemic, however, has also exposed global inequalities in health care. At this point there are simply not enough doses available to inoculate entire African nations in the near term. The spread of false information and conspiracy theories has also led to an increase in vaccine hesitancy, further complicating vaccination efforts.

After living with the pandemic for more than a year, many questions and uncertainties remain. As a follow up to GeoPoll’s 2020 reports on the impact of COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa, GeoPoll conducted a survey to assess the ongoing effects of the pandemic on respondents’ finances, spending, and health, their thoughts and concerns about the vaccine, and their hopes for the future. This report details the results from that survey.

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The study was conducted in March 2021 in Côte D’Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, and South Africa. The main topics covered include:

  • Changes to consumer finances, spending, and mobile money usage
  • Perceptions about the government response to the virus and the trustworthiness of information available
  • Anticipation about the availability and willingness to take the vaccine
  • Adherence to public health measures and changes to mental and physical health

Findings from this study illustrate the ongoing disruption of COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa. Incomes and spending continue to fall since our study in November 2020, while prices have risen. The percentage likely to take the vaccine if it was available has decreased since November, as has optimism about when that might be. Despite these hardships, several positive trends surfaced in this study, including improvements in emotional and physical health.

Click below to download GeoPoll’s full written report, or view data in the interactive dashboard.

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Data: Financial Impact, Government Response, Likelihood to Take the Vaccine, and more.

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Pakistan Study on COVID-19, US Troop Withdrawal https://www.geopoll.com/blog/pakistan-covid-19-study-2021/ Tue, 09 Feb 2021 18:19:30 +0000 https://www.geopoll.com/?p=7551 Pakistan’s large population and geographically significant location make it an important partner for multiple countries, including the United States, which considers Pakistan […]

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Pakistan’s large population and geographically significant location make it an important partner for multiple countries, including the United States, which considers Pakistan a strategic ally in counterterrorism efforts. Other countries also have strong influences on Pakistan’s politics, culture, and economy; Pakistan and India have been in ongoing conflicts over the Kashmir area since the 1940s, and China has a large influence on Pakistan’s economy through the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and as China is Pakistan’s largest source of imports.

Although Pakistan has not recorded as many COVID-19 cases as India and other countries, lockdowns and other measures including the closure of schools to stop the spread of the pandemic have upended life for many in Pakistan in the past year. Actions related to COVID-19 combined with extreme weather events including drought, flooding, and locusts in the past years have also contributed to food insecurity in the country, particularly among the poorest populations.

In order to gather on-the-ground feedback from Pakistanis on their feelings towards the US troop removal from Afghanistan, foreign influencers, and how COVID-19 has impacted their lives in the past year, GeoPoll conducted a study via SMS in Pakistan with 408 respondents, the majority of whom were located in the Punjab region. The study was conducted in January 2021. While this study was not nationally representative, it provides some high-level insights into the views of Pakistanis and how they are looking to the future. Read a summary of results below or jump to the dashboard with full results.

Pakistan and the Great Power Competition

There are several factors that make Pakistan a geopolitically significant country, and as such foreign powers including the United States, China, and Russia have an interest in Pakistan. GeoPoll’s study asked several questions regarding foreign influences on Pakistan, and the responses demonstrate how different countries are influencing different aspects of Pakistan. Economically, China was the clear largest influencer, cited by 49% as the biggest influencer of Pakistan’s economy, likely related to the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, an infrastructure initiative.

pakistan influence

Respondents were more split on the largest influence on Pakistan’s military and politics, with 33% stating that China has the largest influence on Pakistan’s military, 20% stating the United States, and 21% stating India. Politically, the United States and India are cited as the largest influences, at 32% each.

Culturally, 50% of respondents stated that India was the largest influence on Pakistan’s culture, with other countries including the United States, China, and Afghanistan having under 15% of responses each. Russia was not listed as a significant influence in any question, though more respondents felt Russia influences Pakistan’s military (7%) than any other category. Afghanistan’s biggest perceived influence was in Pakistan’s culture.

Pakistan’s Views on US Troop Withdrawal

 Respondents were somewhat split on the United States’ recent announcement that they would withdraw troops from Afghanistan, with the largest group (43%) stating that they ‘strongly agree’ with the decision, while 33% strongly disagree with the decision. Although relatively small sample sizes, the oldest age group were most likely to state that they strongly disagree with the troop withdrawal, with 50% of those aged 35 and older strongly disagreeing with the removal. Females were also slightly more likely to disagree with the US troop withdrawal than males.

Pakistan US troop

COVID-19 and Pakistan  

COVID-19 has had economic and social impacts on huge portions of the population in most countries, and Pakistan is no exception. In line with our findings from other studies, GeoPoll found that 41% in Pakistan stated that finances were their biggest challenge due to COVID-19, and 44% state that their income has decreased a lot compared to before COVID-19, with an additional 26% stating their income has decreased a little. Despite this, respondents expressed hope for the future, with 56% stating that they believe Pakistan’s economy will get better in the next year, and 55% believing that their personal finances will get better in the next year.

Pakistan covid19 income

Additionally, a majority of respondents stated that they would get the COVID-19 vaccine once it is available to them, with 41% stating they will ‘definitely’ get the vaccine as soon as possible, and 25% stating they would ‘probably’ get the vaccine as soon as possible. The biggest concern surrounding the vaccine was the ability for everyone to get the vaccine, at 28%, followed by vaccine safety, at 21%.

Conduct Research in Pakistan 

This study provides some high-level insights into several topics of interest in Pakistan. GeoPoll can conduct research in Pakistan via 2-way SMS surveys, Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) voice calls, web links, and in-person research methods. To learn more about our capabilities in Pakistan, please contact us.


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Vaccine Hesitancy and COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance in sub-Saharan Africa https://www.geopoll.com/blog/covid-19-vaccine-sub-saharan-africa/ Fri, 11 Dec 2020 18:41:18 +0000 https://www.geopoll.com/?p=7375 As COVID-19 vaccines begin to be distributed, attention is now turning to vaccine production and distribution. With a limited supply available, countries […]

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As COVID-19 vaccines begin to be distributed, attention is now turning to vaccine production and distribution. With a limited supply available, countries are acquiring vaccine doses for their citizens and deciding how to prioritize distribution among various at-risk groups. Given the costs associated with purchasing vaccines, there is already concern that less wealthy nations such as those in Africa will be further behind in the race to vaccine their populations: A report from the People’s Vaccine Alliance found that wealthier countries have horded so much vaccine supply that as many as 90% of populations in low- and middle-income will not receive a vaccine in 2021, even as countries such as Kenya experience a second wave of cases.

There is also a question of how many people will be willing to get a vaccine right away; experts have said that around 80% to 90% of the population must have immunity to COVID-19 in order to reach ‘herd immunity’, but in countries such as the United States only about 60% are willing to take the vaccine right away. In Africa, where vaccine access has improved greatly in the past thirty years, the spread of false information and conspiracy theories has led to an increase in vaccine hesitancy, threatening to undo the progress that has been made.

With widespread vaccination a crucial factor in eradicating COVID-19, GeoPoll’s most recent study included several questions on vaccine hesitancy and the likelihood of populations to get a COVID-19 vaccine. The study was conducted in November, immediately following the news of Pfizer’s vaccine being at least 90% effective. Questions were administered by SMS to a nationally representative sample in Côte D’Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Download the full report below or view the interactive dashboard of results here.

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Vaccine Hesitancy in sub-Saharan Africa

vaccine hesitancy africaIn order to assess vaccine hesitancy, GeoPoll asked about vaccine safety and effectiveness and found that in terms of vaccine safety, a third of respondents ‘strongly agree’ that vaccines are safe, while an additional 21% ‘somewhat agree’ and 29% ‘neither agree or disagree’. Confidence in vaccine safety is highest in Nigeria and South Africa, where 41% and 35% respectively strongly agree that vaccines are safe. Those in the DRC were the most likely to report that they strongly disagree that vaccines are safe, at 23% of respondents. There were no large differences observed by age and gender.

Examining vaccine effectiveness, we find similar results, with a third reporting they ‘strongly agree’ vaccines are effective and 24% somewhat agreeing with the same statement. Again those in Nigeria were most likely to strongly agree with vaccine effectiveness, at 40%, while those in DRC were most likely to strongly disagree. Overall slightly more respondents either strongly or somewhat agree that vaccines are effective than they agreed with vaccines being safe.

Comparing this question to findings around trust in government information, we found that those who were less confident regarding their government’s information also reported lower levels of agreement with vaccine safety. Of those who strongly disagreed that their government was providing truthful information, 30% strongly agree that vaccines are safe, while 37% who strongly agreed that their governments information is truthful say the same regarding vaccine safety.

COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance in South Africa, Kenya and more

covid 19 vaccine africaGeoPoll also asked ‘If a COVID-19 vaccine was available for free today, would you get it as soon as possible?’ and found that in total 42% stated they would ‘definitely’ get it as soon as possible, while ‘20%’ stated ‘probably’. This question showed interesting trends by country, with those in Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, and South Africa reporting relatively high levels of likelihood to take a COVID-19 vaccine, while those in DRC and Côte D’Ivoire are less likely to take a COVID-19 vaccine as soon as possible. Although the youngest age group, those aged 15-24, reported slightly lower levels of enthusiasm regarding taking a COVID-19 vaccine than older age groups, the differences were quite small, with 59% of the youngest group and 62% of the oldest group reporting they would ‘definitely’ or ‘probably’ take a vaccine as soon as it was available.

When asked what concerns respondents most about a COVID-19 vaccine, vaccine safety was listed first, at 35%, followed by the ability for everyone to get the vaccine at 27%. Interestingly even in countries which had higher levels of agreement with vaccines being safe in general, such as Kenya, vaccine safety is the top concern when asking specifically about the COVID-19 vaccine. The youngest age group was most likely to be concerned over safety of the COVID-19 vaccine, with 37% of those aged 15-24 listing vaccine safety as their top concern.

Similarly to the findings regarding overall vaccine safety and effectiveness, likelihood to take a vaccine is impacted by trust in government information. Of those who either strongly or somewhat disagreed that their government was providing truthful information, 34% would definitely take a vaccine right away, while of those who agreed with their government’s information, 47% would definitely take a vaccine as soon as it’s available.

COVID-19 Vaccine Availability and Delivery

GeoPoll also examined when populations believe a vaccine will be available to the public, finding that the largest group, 39%, reported being unsure, while 31% believe a vaccine will be available between January and June 2020, and only 5% believe that a vaccine will not be available until 2022. Those in South Africa believe a vaccine will be available to the public the earliest, with 39% in South Africa believing that a vaccine will be available between January and June 2020, while respondents in the DRC are least sure about when a vaccine will be widely available.

Vaccine distribution is being heavily discussed as vaccines go into production, with most reports stating that healthcare workers and elderly or vulnerable populations will be the first to receive a vaccine. GeoPoll’s study found that, while 29% believe healthcare workers will receive a vaccine first, 23% believe that ‘those who can pay’ will get it first. Results for this question were also quite different by country; in the DRC and Côte D’Ivoire, the largest groups of respondents believe that everybody will get access to a vaccine at once, while those in Kenya, Mozambique and Nigeria believe healthcare workers will get first access, and in South Africa the highest percent, 31%, think a vaccine will go to those who can pay. By gender, we find that males are slightly more likely than females to believe a vaccine will go first to those who can pay.

covid19 vaccine delivery africa

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These findings, along with the findings on income decrease and mental health outlined in our full report, demonstrate that those who are being hit the hardest by COVID-19 impacts are most willing to take a vaccine as soon as it is available. In the coming months, more research is needed on vaccine hesitancy along with perceptions of the COVID-19 vaccine as it begins to be distributed. GeoPoll conducts surveys globally through multiple mobile-based methods, including Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing and SMS. To request more information on our capabilities or get a quote for an upcoming project, please contact us.

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